A sharp increase in the number of cases and deaths diagnosed with COVID-19 was observed in Perpignan as early as March 13, 2020. This increase particularly affected residents of the Saint-Jacques and Haut-Vernet neighborhoods, a large portion of whom belong to the Romani community. This trend led to the implementation of targeted surveillance around this outbreak, relying primarily on data from dedicated COVID-19 centers. The monitored indicators revealed a rapid increase in the number of cases during the last two weeks of March, followed by a decline until the end of the lockdown (early May). The spread of the virus was more significant in the two targeted neighborhoods in Perpignan, where more than 2% of the population reported clinical symptoms consistent with a COVID-19 infection during their medical visits. Thus, from February 24 to May 10, 2020, the relative incidence of consultations for suspected Covid-19 in Saint-Jacques and Haut-Vernet was three times higher than in the rest of the city of Perpignan, reflecting a significant public health burden. These surveillance findings call for further studies to better quantify the health impact of this type of outbreak and identify the determinants that could be addressed to limit the spread of the virus in these communities.