Introduction - Following the reporting of a case of lead poisoning among children from Traveler families in Charente in 2015, the Nouvelle-Aquitaine Regional Health Agency launched a study from 2017 to 2019 to assess lead exposure among children in this population. The objective of this study was to identify and describe cases of lead poisoning and to identify risk factors for lead exposure. Method - The investigation included the administration of a face-to-face questionnaire per family by social workers from two social centers in Charente, who had received prior training, and the collection of blood samples from all family members to measure blood lead levels. In cases of lead poisoning, an environmental investigation of the children’s living environments was conducted. Results—Among the 100 children aged 24 months to 17 years with blood lead levels, 40 children had blood lead levels above the intervention threshold of 50 µg/L; 13 of these children had blood lead levels above 100 µg/L. Being a boy aged 11 to 14 and participating in activities with a risk of contamination significantly increased the geometric mean of blood lead levels. Among the high-risk activities, dismantling cars, burning materials to separate metals, and cutting and handling scrap metal were most frequently cited. Scrap metal yards had soil lead contamination levels well above the 300 mg/kg threshold recommended by the High Council for Public Health (HCSP) for initiating screening. Discussion - Despite the small number of samples, the blood lead levels detected during this screening suggest that lead poisoning screening should be expanded to include all children from the Traveler population, including those over the age of 6.