Following the closure of the Sonofoque foundry in Flers (61), soil analyses of neighboring plots were conducted and revealed high concentrations of lead. A study was conducted to assess the appropriateness of screening for childhood lead poisoning: - for children currently residing in this area; - for children who might come to live on the most contaminated plots. The study area was defined using measurements taken with a portable X-ray fluorescence spectrometer. To identify the habits of residents living near the foundry and any potential risk behaviors, a population survey was conducted. In parallel with this survey, soil and dust sampling and analysis provided precise measurements of lead concentrations. The results of the analyses show that the plots frequented by children under 6 years of age do not pose any health concerns based on the knowledge acquired in recent years. The scenario involving children settling on the most contaminated plots was studied using two methods: the method developed by the InVS and the IEUBK software. Regardless of the estimation method, the modeled blood lead levels are well below the threshold of 100 μg/L set by French regulations. The results of this study show that it is not appropriate to organize screening for childhood lead poisoning, either for children currently residing in the study area or for those who might move there. (R.A.)