As part of a renovation project for Saint-Exupéry Middle School in Vincennes, preliminary studies conducted in 2017 led to an analysis of indoor air quality at the school and the adjacent Liberté daycare center, which revealed contamination with trichloroethylene (TCE) and perchloroethylene (PCE). The levels identified for these two pollutants exceeded the management values proposed by the High Council for Public Health (HCSP) at numerous sampling points, particularly the Rapid Action Values (RAV) for TCE. This contamination was likely linked to the past activity of a former metal eyelet factory located on the site until the late 1960s. The discovery of this contamination led the administrators of the affected facilities to close the Saint-Exupéry middle school and the Liberté daycare center in late November 2017. The children from both facilities were transferred to other equivalent facilities in the area. At the same time, Santé publique France was asked in November 2017 by the Île-de-France Regional Health Agency (ARS) to assess the relevance and feasibility of an epidemiological study and/or a bioassay campaign among the children and employees who had been exposed at these facilities. Analysis of the documents provided to Santé publique France showed, regarding the advisability of conducting an epidemiological study to characterize the health impact of this past exposure, that such a study appeared neither relevant nor feasible. Indeed, regarding relevance, such an epidemiological study would provide no individual or collective benefit, particularly in terms of medical care or recognition of the harm suffered. Furthermore, since management measures had already been taken to stop the exposure, the results of an epidemiological study could not be used to guide decisions. In terms of feasibility, such a study faced major methodological challenges (the impossibility of precisely quantifying exposure and determining the start date of the pollution, the difficulty of identifying the cohort of people exposed since the early 1970s), and above all, the number of subjects required to be included in such a study to observe the health impact of this pollution was insufficient relative to the population that had been exposed. Regarding the implementation of a screening campaign for individuals who had frequented these facilities, since the half-life of exposure biomarkers for TCE and PCE does not exceed a few days, such testing was no longer relevant, as Saint-Exupéry Middle School and the Liberté Daycare Center had been closed for several weeks.