In 1938, a company specializing in the grinding of minerals—and particularly asbestos ore—set up operations in the Paris suburbs. Its grinding operations, which generated noise and intense dust, led to numerous complaints from the neighborhood. In 1997, the family of a local resident filed a complaint following the death of a family member from mesothelioma, a death they attributed to environmental exposure caused by the company. The objective of this study was to verify the existence of at least one case of an asbestos-related disease for which environmental exposure was the only identified cause and to estimate the extent of past exposure to asbestos fibers around the plant during its operational period. Archival research and a qualitative survey of former employees and residents living near the factory made it possible to reconstruct the company’s history and characterize the source of pollution as precisely as possible. With the help of local residents’ associations, the review of medical records, and the reconstruction of exposures for 21 individuals with asbestos-related diseases were made possible. Eleven of them had a confirmed diagnosis (mesothelioma, pleural plaque) linked to strictly environmental exposure or associated with minor occupational exposure, thereby validating the initial report. The estimation of the extent of asbestos fiber pollution in the company’s surroundings, despite its experimental nature, helps guide decision-makers in their future actions by quantifying the size of the population potentially affected by past exposures. The report concludes that it is necessary to inform former workers and their families about their rights to compensation and medical follow-up, and that there is a need for collective deliberation involving local residents to decide on information campaigns and potential medical follow-up for the population exposed in the past. (R.A.)