"Accidental falls from heights," often referred to simply as "defenestrations," are a long-standing public health problem common to developed countries, primarily associated with high-rise housing. These everyday accidents have devastating consequences, which are all the more tragic because they occur mainly among very young children. An initial survey was conducted in 2005 in the Île-de-France region by the French Institute for Public Health Surveillance (InVS), in collaboration with Necker Enfants Malades Hospital (Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris). This survey was repeated and expanded in 2006 to three regions: Île-de-France, Nord-Pas-de-Calais, and Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur. The survey was conducted between March 15 and October 15, 2006. Data collection was primarily carried out by emergency response teams and hospital medical and paramedical staff. A total of 106 "accidental falls from a significant height" were recorded among children under 15 years of age. These were mainly children under 6 years of age (62%), predominantly boys (71%). More than half of these children’s families were of non-European origin (65%), particularly from sub-Saharan Africa. In 46% of cases, the fall occurred even though the opening was equipped with a safety guard. A piece of furniture was located beneath the opening or had been moved by the child in 32% of cases. One in four children climbed over the protective railing or onto the window opening before falling. In one-third of cases, the child fell while someone else was in the same room. Ten children (9%) died, and 19 children (18%) suffered lasting effects, including 7 with severe consequences. The risk of falls due to lack of supervision, which is often overlooked by adults, must continue to be addressed through prevention campaigns emphasizing the need for adults to supervise children. To prevent falls, regulations governing the construction of guardrails or window openings must be revised. (R.A.)