Background. In 2003, the Regional and Departmental Directorates of Health and Social Affairs in Lorraine sought to improve the identification of children at risk of lead poisoning in the region and requested support from the Eastern Interregional Epidemiological Unit (Cire Est). Method. In collaboration with these agencies, as well as the Family Allowance Funds, the Maternal and Child Health Services of the Vosges and Moselle departments, the Agricultural Social Mutual Fund of the Vosges, and the Nancy Poison Control Center, Cire Est established a screening program for lead poisoning in 2-year-old children. The study period was from September 2003 to September 2004. The approach was based on the routine health examination conducted during the child’s 24th month, during which risk factors were assessed by physicians using a questionnaire sent to parents in advance. Based on the responses to the questions, the physician ordered a blood lead level test according to a decision tree. Results. In total, out of nearly 14,000 invitations sent in the two departments, 8,659 questionnaires were returned. 217 blood lead tests were ordered, and 107 were actually performed. Ultimately, four children with lead poisoning were identified in the Vosges and Moselle departments. Discussion. The yield of this screening was therefore very low. Assuming that no at-risk children were excluded, this study would suggest prevalence rates of 0.38% (95% CI: [0; 0.76]) and 0.12% (95% CI: [0; 0.21]) in the Vosges and Moselle, respectively. These results are well below the national prevalence measured in 1995–1996 (2.1%) and the prevalence measured in the Vosges during a study conducted from 1996 to 1998 (1.5%). It is, however, possible that at-risk populations were excluded. Conclusion. It is therefore not advisable to continue or expand this screening program, but rather to attempt to identify locally the populations most at risk in order to exercise increased vigilance toward them.