The incidence of nosocomial bacteremia varies across studies from 0.27% to 4.9% of admissions, or 0.8 per 1,000 hospital days. Bacteremia is associated with an increased length of hospital stay (seven to 21 days) and high mortality (16.3–35%), particularly when the causative agent is multidrug-resistant, such as methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). The additional cost associated with nosocomial bacteremia was estimated at 12,853 euros per patient in Belgian hospitals in 2001. Under the auspices of the Regional Hospitalization Agency for the Centre Region, the CClin Ouest Regional Hub for the Centre Region (RHC) has been organizing the surveillance of bacteremias for public and private healthcare facilities in the region (2.5 million inhabitants) for the past five years. We report the data obtained for the most common bacteremias (caused by Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli), those associated with pathogens for which the emergence and expression of antibiotic resistance have a major impact (MRSA, Streptococcus pneumoniae, and extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing Enterobacteriaceae (ESBL)), as well as bacteremias caused by Streptococcus agalactiae and Streptococcus pyogenes due to our laboratory’s affiliation with the National Reference Center (CNR) for streptococci. The goal of bacteremia surveillance is to provide indicators for monitoring nosocomial infections and to measure the extent of antibiotic resistance within healthcare facilities and in the community. Additionally, this surveillance allows for tracking the regional spread of MRSA. (R.A.)