Psittacosis is caused by an intracellular bacterium, Chlamydia psittaci, which is transmitted to humans by birds. It causes atypical pneumonia, which can sometimes take severe forms requiring hospitalization. Outbreaks involving people in the poultry farming and slaughtering sectors have been reported in the literature and observed in the regions of Brittany and Pays de la Loire, where this type of economic activity is widespread. The French Institute for Public Health Surveillance (Institut de Veille Sanitaire) asked the Regional Health Observatories (ORS) of Brittany and Pays de la Loire to explore, in collaboration with the Western Interregional Epidemiology Unit (CIRE) and with the support of a working group, the feasibility of psittacosis surveillance. No information system currently operating routinely in France allows for an accurate assessment of the frequency of psittacosis. Among the possible surveillance options, relying on clinicians and laboratory biologists working in hospitals appears to be the most appropriate. Such a surveillance system is not without limitations (low responsiveness, selection based on severity). Its feasibility, demonstrated at the institutional level by the series of cases identified at the Cholet Hospital Center, is the strongest argument in its favor. Furthermore, the morbidity associated with psittacosis, particularly in its milder forms, could be addressed through the monitoring of individuals employed in high-risk sectors by occupational health services. Finally, all evidence suggests that exposure to and infection with C. psittaci are common among people working in contact with birds. Optimal management of cases involves rapid consideration of the diagnosis and initiation of effective antibiotic treatment. This observation leads to preventive measures aimed, on the one hand, at raising awareness of this infectious risk among exposed individuals, their employers, and the physicians likely to treat them, and, more broadly, on the other hand, at adapting the work environment for professionals in high-risk positions.