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Enhanced Surveillance of Chikungunya and Dengue in 2014As mentioned in the PE of July 10, the chikungunya epidemics that affected the French West Indies and French Guiana, and the dengue epidemic in Réunion, raised concerns this summer about an increased risk of these diseases emerging in mainland France due to the return of virus carriers.The preliminary report¹ from the enhanced surveillance of chikungunya and dengue in mainland France (May 1 – November 30, 2014) for the 18 departments concerned (see map) confirmed the rise in reported cases, with: - 1,492 suspected cases of dengue or chikungunya reported (compared to 422 in 2013), - 163 imported cases of dengue (183 in 2013), 443 imported cases of chikungunya (2 in 2013), 6 imported co-infected cases (0 in 2013),- the emergence of 15 locally acquired cases: 4 cases of dengue and 11 cases of chikungunya (compared to 1 case of dengue in 2013).Thus, 4 locally acquired cases of dengue were confirmed by the National Reference Center (CNR) for Arboviruses in the Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur region between late August and early October. The first two cases that occurred in the Var are not linked because they involve different serotypes. Cases 3 and 4, which occurred in the Bouches-du-Rhône department, are linked and constitute an outbreak: the two patients lived in the same neighborhood. They are not linked to the cases in the Var department. The 11 locally acquired cases of chikungunya were identified in the same neighborhood of Montpellier (Hérault) and constitute a transmission cluster. The first 5 cases in this cluster were confirmed by the CNR in late October. Epidemiological investigations identified 6 additional locally acquired cases linked to this cluster.For the 2015 season, two new departments (Saône-et-Loire and Savoie), where the Aedes albopictus mosquito vector has been deemed established and active, will be included in the enhanced surveillance system, requiring the organization and coordination of various local stakeholders involved in mosquito control (prefect, ARS, Cire, local authorities, the Interdepartmental Mosquito Control Agreement, and healthcare professionals).