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Lyme DiseaseOn September 29, a national plan to combat Lyme disease and other tick-borne illnesses was presented by Marisol Touraine, Minister of Social Affairs and Health. The plan aims to expand knowledge about these diseases in order to improve control measures and patient care, as well as to implement immediate and concrete measures regarding prevention, diagnosis, and treatment to meet patients’ needs. It is structured around 5 strategic priorities and 15 actions. Axis 2 specifically aims to strengthen and expand epidemiological surveillance of these diseases across the entire country to assess their progression and better guide prevention efforts. To carry out its mission of monitoring Lyme borreliosis, Santé publique France relies on the Sentinelles Network, the National Reference Center for Borrelia, and regional studies. These studies, conducted between 2001 and 2012 and relying on a network of volunteer physicians, show geographical variation in incidence rates, estimated at between 24 and 232 cases per 100,000 inhabitants depending on the region. The incidence was highest in the eastern regions (Alsace 232/100,000, Haute-Savoie 185/100,000), the lowest in Aquitaine (24/100,000), and intermediate in Franche-Comté (137/100,000) and Limousin (105/100,000). The interpretation of these results must take into account limitations related to the possible lack of representativeness of the sample of participating physicians and to differences between studies in terms of study periods, case definitions, and biological tests used.More recently, the Sentinelles network estimated that 33,000 people were affected by Lyme disease in France in 2015. Estimates of annual incidence rates, based on general practice data and hospitalizations, also show significant regional variation, with higher rates in the east and center. Burgundy was thus ranked among the regions with the lowest incidence rates, in contrast to Franche-Comté. The analysis of regional hospitalization rates, based on the PMSI, will be updated by Santé publique France in 2017.