The most recent data on the dietary exposure of the Caribbean population to chlordecone date back to 2004, when a population-based study on health, nutrition, and chlordecone exposure—the Kannari study—was conducted jointly by Santé publique France, the French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety (ANSES), and the health observatories of Guadeloupe and Martinique between 2011 and 2017. This study was part of Action 25 of the Chlordecone II Plan (2011–2013). Its objective was to describe dietary behaviors and the health status of the population, to assess dietary exposure to chlordecone by targeting population subgroups at higher risk of elevated exposure, and to describe levels of chlordecone contamination in these subgroups and in the general population. This report provides an overview of current knowledge regarding exposure to chlordecone and other pesticides, dietary habits, and the health status of the populations of Guadeloupe and Martinique. It describes the protocol and the organizational structure established for conducting the study. The administrative, regulatory, and budgetary aspects inherent to the study are also detailed. The results from Kannari are not presented in this report but are the subject of specific reports and publications.