Chlordecone, an organochlorine insecticide formerly used in banana plantations, contaminates soil, water, and certain plant and animal food sources in Guadeloupe and Martinique. Classified as a possible human carcinogen, it is also considered an endocrine disruptor due to its anti-estrogenic properties. It could therefore increase the risk of hormone-dependent cancers, such as prostate cancer and certain gynecological cancers. Martinique and Guadeloupe have some of the highest rates of prostate cancer in the world, comparable to those observed in other populations of African descent. Two studies were conducted locally on the link between exposure to organochlorines and cancer. The first, a geographic ecological study in Martinique, ruled out the hypothesis of an excess incidence of cancer in the general population within the historical banana-growing region. The second, a case-control study of the determinants of prostate cancer in Guadeloupe, demonstrates a relationship between exposure to chlordecone and the occurrence of prostate cancer. These latest findings contribute to establishing a causal link between exposure to chlordecone and prostate cancer, justify the exposure reduction programs already implemented, and encourage their strengthening and the continuation of epidemiological research on the issue. (R.A.)