Chlordecone, an organochlorine insecticide, was widely used in Martinique and Guadeloupe to control the banana weevil, leading to long-term soil contamination. This contamination has spread to natural waters and sediments, plant products, meat, and fish. Specific studies (Escal, Calbas, Reso) conducted in the French West Indies enabled the French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety (ANSES) to calculate, under certain assumptions, the level of exposure to chlordecone in two samples of the West Indian population—one in Martinique and the other in Guadeloupe—and to compare these levels to the toxicological reference value (TRV). By extrapolation, the number of people exceeding the TRV could be estimated for the whole of Martinique and for Basse-Terre in Guadeloupe. All individuals exceeding the TRV reside in contaminated areas. Since the number of people exceeding the TRV was low in the surveys conducted, it was difficult to characterize this subgroup of the population. It was therefore determined that a person at high risk of exposure was one belonging to the fourth quartile of the distribution of calculated exposures. The frequency of consumption of root vegetables such as dachine and sweet potato, as well as the frequency of purchasing these products through short supply chains, is significantly higher in the high-risk exposure group. The same is true for fish consumption and procurement. These results have contributed to the development of prevention programs targeting individuals at high risk of exposure. (R.A.)