In June 2004, France adopted its first National Health and Environment Plan. As part of this initiative, INPES was tasked with conducting a survey to provide quantified indicators on the attitudes, knowledge, opinions, and behaviors of the general public regarding the perception of environmental risks, soil pollution, air pollution, indoor air pollution, housing and living conditions, risks of carbon monoxide and radon poisoning, perceptions of risks related to water, Legionella, and noise, as well as the health risks of mobile phones. This environmental health barometer, developed in collaboration with all relevant ministries and stakeholders, presents the findings of this survey, conducted among 6,007 people aged 18 to 75. As the first mapping of the perceptions and knowledge of the French metropolitan population regarding health and the environment, its approach focuses on living conditions and housing, and it is intended for all decision-makers, researchers, and stakeholders in the fields of health and the environment.