The National Nutrition and Health Program (PNNS) was established in 2001 by the Ministry of Health. Its overall goal is to improve public health by addressing one of its major determinants: nutrition. Five of its nine priority objectives focus on diet (fruits and vegetables, calcium, fats, carbohydrates, alcohol), three on nutritional status (LDL cholesterol, blood pressure, and body mass), and one on physical activity. Each has been defined by an expected improvement in one or more quantified indicators. These objectives were translated into dietary guidelines covering various food groups and physical activity, which were disseminated to the public through guides and communication campaigns. The Unit for Nutritional Surveillance and Epidemiology (USEN) was tasked with conducting a study, one of the aims of which was to describe the nutritional situation in France based on these target indicators and guidelines. The National Nutrition and Health Survey (ENNS) was therefore established to describe dietary intake, nutritional status, and physical activity among a national sample of children (ages 3–17) and adults (ages 18–74) residing in metropolitan France. Following the inclusion of participants based on a three-stage random sampling plan, dietary data collection consisted of three 24-hour recalls spread over a 15-day period, conducted by telephone for individuals aged 15 and older, and in person for younger children. For adults, anthropometric measurements, blood pressure readings, and biological samples were collected at a Health Examination Center (CES) of the Health Insurance system or at home by a visiting nurse, following standardized procedures. Children were weighed and measured at home by dietitians responsible for data collection. This also included questionnaires focusing on physical activity and sedentary behavior, sociodemographic characteristics, alcohol consumption, medication use, and environmental exposure to heavy metals and pesticides... The descriptive analyses presented in this report are weighted according to the sampling plan and adjusted for sociodemographic characteristics. This report presents the nutritional status observed in the ENNS study according to the PNNS’s target indicators and benchmarks for adults and children, overall, by sex, and by age group. These results highlight nutritional issues as well as at-risk groups that should be the focus of future public health priorities. These analyses will be supplemented by the identification of determinants associated with nutritional characteristics, particularly from a socioeconomic perspective, and by comparison with the data used to establish the epidemiological foundations of the PNNS.