Introduction - Socioeconomic characteristics are major determinants of oral health and nutritional status. The objective was to identify associations between body mass and oral health status among women receiving food assistance, using data from the 2011–2012 Abena study. Materials and Methods - Oral health status was assessed using self-reported data on the number of missing teeth that had not been replaced, the time since the last dental visit, and the discomfort experienced due to oral health status. The relationships between missing teeth and body mass (estimated from measured weight and height data) were analyzed using multinomial logistic regression adjusted for potential confounding factors. Results - Among the women in the sample, 18.3% (95% CI: [12.5–26.0]) reported having between 5 and 14 missing, unreplaced teeth. Having between 5 and 14 missing, unreplaced teeth (compared with fewer than 5 teeth) was significantly associated with higher odds of obesity (RRR = 4.3; 95% CI: [1.3–13.7]; p = 0.015) and normal weight/thinness (RRR = 3.6; 95% CI: [1.4–9.1]; p = 0.007) than being overweight. Discussion and Conclusion—These associations between body weight and oral health status underscore the importance of a comprehensive prevention approach and improved access to care for people in precarious situations. [author’s abstract]