Introduction: In France, the implementation of a simplified nutritional information system based on the nutritional quality score developed in the United Kingdom by the Food Standards Agency (FSA) is currently under discussion. Our objective was to assess the relevance of applying the FSA score to individual dietary behaviors in order to quantify the intake of foods and nutrients that are either beneficial or detrimental to health among adults in France. Methods: A representative national survey based on a complex three-stage sampling design, the National Nutrition and Health Survey (ENNS) collected dietary intake data through three 24-hour recalls. After excluding underreporters, the analyses included a total of 2,754 adults (1,014 men, 1,740 women) aged 18 to 74 years. The score was applied to all foods and beverages in the study. An aggregate score at the individual level was calculated by taking into account the energy provided by each food consumed and its FSA score. Food group consumption and nutrient intakes were described by quartiles of this individual score. Results: Participants in the 1st quartile (more favorable overall FSA score) consumed more fruits and vegetables (+300 g/day for men and +235 g/day for women) and seafood (+24 g/day for men and +8 g/day for women) than those in the 4th quartile. Conversely, they consumed fewer sweet or salty fatty foods (-141 g/day for men and -94 g/day for women). They also had lower average energy intakes (-515 kcal/day for men and -306 kcal/day for women) and a lower proportion of fat in total energy intake (TEI) (-8% TEI for both sexes). Overall, they had higher intakes of vitamins and minerals than those in the 4th quartile. Conclusion: Our analyses, conducted on a national sample of adults, show that the FSA score applied to individual dietary intake allows for the characterization of diet quality in terms of food consumption and nutrient intake, in light of current recommendations.