The data presented in this article are drawn from the Inserm expert review titled "Physical Activity: Prevention and Treatment of Chronic Diseases." It summarizes, in the form of recommendations, the key findings of the review in terms of research, with the aim of promoting more effective use of physical activity (PA) as a non-pharmacological intervention for patients with chronic diseases. The beneficial effects of PA in the primary, secondary, and tertiary prevention of most chronic diseases are now scientifically proven. The major obstacle posed by long-term non-adherence to regular PA deserves to be explored as a priority. Other areas of research should focus primarily on optimizing PA protocols to be recommended by disease, the effects of PA in under-studied patient populations, the study of patients in whom PA does not have the expected effect, the potential contribution of the experiences of patients involved in interventional studies, and finally, in the objective evaluation of the numerous proposed intervention devices and models, the contribution toward promoting and sustaining those that are best suited.