Background: Work and occupational exposures may play a role in suicide, and the literature suggests associations between certain occupational factors and suicide. Identifying occupational risk factors for suicide mortality among employees affiliated with the Mutualité sociale agricole (MSA)—a population that has received little attention in previous studies—appears to be important. The objective of this study was to identify occupational factors associated with suicide mortality among employees affiliated with the MSA who were active between 2007 and 2013. Methods: The study population consisted of all employees affiliated with the MSA between January 1, 2007, and December 31, 2013, comprising 1,699,929 men and 1,201,017 women. The occupational factors studied included: industry sector, employee/manager status, and employment contract type. Survival analyses (Cox model), stratified by gender, were conducted using age as the time scale and region and year of the employment contract as adjustment variables. Results: For men, factors associated with an increased risk of suicide mortality were employment in the sectors “forestry,” “crops and livestock,” “construction,” and “cooperative,” employee status, and working in Brittany, Burgundy-Franche-Comté, Pays de la Loire, Normandy, Grand Est, and Centre-Val-de-Loire. No associations were observed for women. Conclusion: These results suggest that sector of activity and employee status may be associated with suicide among men in the MSA-insured workforce and are likely to contribute to the development of prevention measures. However, further studies appear necessary to confirm and better understand these associations.