Introduction - The objective is to establish a post-occupational surveillance system for employees ("Spirale") and self-employed workers ("Espri") by identifying retirees who were exposed to carcinogens during their careers (and providing them with medical follow-up), and by conducting epidemiological monitoring of the cohorts formed. Materials and Methods - Since 2005, pilot phases have been gradually implemented among new retirees from both schemes. A questionnaire is used to identify past occupational exposure to asbestos, and in Spirale, also to wood dust. Medical monitoring covered by the program is then offered to retirees who qualify. Results - In June 2006, participation in Spirale and Espri stood at 30% and 68%, respectively, with self-employed workers having received a follow-up reminder. Analysis of the initial questionnaires showed that two-thirds of employees are at risk of having been exposed to asbestos and/or wood dust, compared to three-quarters of craftsmen regarding asbestos. Discussion - Conclusion - The initial assessment of these post-occupational surveillance programs is largely positive, both in terms of retiree participation and the procedures implemented. Interim assessments of the pilot phases will be conducted shortly to consider expanding the program to other potential beneficiaries and other carcinogens. (R.A.)