Introduction - The purpose of this study is to assess vascular history, primary and secondary pharmacological prevention, and two-year survival among insured individuals in the general health insurance system who were hospitalized for a stroke. Method - The first hospitalization in the first half of 2008 was selected from the PMSI database, and the presence of at least three drug reimbursements, six months before and after, was identified in the health insurance information system (SNIIR-AM). Results—Among the 36,844 selected patients, 31.6% had a diagnosis of transient ischemic attack (TIA), 53.6% of cerebral infarction (CI), and 14.8% of intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). Nineteen percent of CI patients and 22.8% of ICH patients were under 60 years of age, and among them, 17.6% and 24.5%, respectively, had supplemental universal health coverage. Approximately 7.0% of patients had previously been hospitalized for a stroke in 2006 or 2007, and the specific long-term condition (ALD) "disabling stroke" was present in 16% of CI cases and 10.5% of ICH cases. At two years, 7.7% of patients with a TIA had died, 22.5% for ICs, and 43% for HICs. The proportion of patients taking at least one class of antihypertensive medication increased from 51.1% to 57.7% following an HIC. After IC, only 74.8% of patients were on antithrombotic therapy, 65.8% were receiving antihypertensive treatment, 53.7% were on lipid-lowering medication, and 16.1% were on antidiabetic medication. Conclusion - Patients hospitalized for stroke or TIA frequently have a history of stroke, and their level of secondary prevention needs to be improved.