Introduction - Fever is a major reason for medical consultation among travelers returning from tropical regions. Methods - To identify the various causes of fever in patients seeking medical care within a short period (12 days) of their return, we conducted a cohort study in four Parisian infectious and tropical disease departments. Results - A total of 394 patients were analyzed. Vector-borne diseases represent the largest category, accounting for 45% of the identified etiologies, of which 81% are attributable to malaria and 14% to arboviruses (primarily dengue). Malaria is mainly acquired in Africa (96%), while arbovirus infections are mainly acquired in Asia or Oceania (60%). Water- and foodborne diseases represent the second most common category (17.3%). Conclusions - The main causes of fever among travelers seeking early consultation at specialized centers upon returning from travel are malaria, diarrhea, and respiratory infections, while 21.3% of causes remain undetermined despite a comprehensive approach to arbovirus diagnosis. (R.A.)