Introduction: The National Surveillance Network for Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease (RNS-CJD) is a national, multidisciplinary organization. Its objective is to detect all cases of human subacute spongiform encephalopathies (SSEs) in order to classify them by etiology, estimate their incidence, describe their temporal and spatial distribution and trends, and detect clusters of cases. Materials and methods: The descriptive analysis focused on data collected by the RNS-MCJ in 2009 and 2010 in metropolitan France and in the overseas departments and territories. Results: A total of 1,485 and 1,614 suspected cases of TSE were reported to the RNS-MCJ in 2009 and 2010. A final diagnosis of TSE was confirmed at death for 312 cases. These cases were distributed throughout the territory without any clusters. Two cases of variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (vCJD) died in 2009. The distribution of cases across the different TSE categories is similar to that observed in previous years, and the cases presented identical characteristics in terms of age, clinical presentation, and pathological findings. Conclusion: Monitoring the progression of the vCJD epidemic and the possible emergence of new zoonotic forms justifies continuing surveillance of TSE. (R.A.)