In France, surveillance of listeriosis is carried out through two complementary systems: genotyping of L. monocytogenes strains by the National Reference Center for Listeria, which enables the identification of clusters of cases, and the Mandatory Reporting (DO) system, which is systematically supplemented by a dietary questionnaire. This system identified a cluster of cases that occurred between November 1999 and March 2000. This cluster occurred immediately following a first cluster linked to the consumption of rillettes, which had received extensive media coverage when the product was recalled. This second episode involved 32 cases, including 9 maternal-neonatal cases resulting in the deaths of 4 premature infants and one miscarriage, and 23 non-maternal-neonatal cases resulting in 5 deaths among patients with underlying medical conditions. The case-control study included 29 cases (patients residing in France from whom the epidemic strain had been isolated from a normally sterile site between November 1, 1999, and March 1, 2000) and 32 controls (sporadic cases of listeriosis (strain different from the strains of the ongoing outbreak and that of the previous outbreak) occurring in France between 11/26/99 and 03/01/00) showed that consumption of pork tongue in jelly (LPG) was significantly associated with infection by the epidemic strain (OR, 75.5; 95% CI, 4.7–1,216.0). An investigation of the production and distribution chains based on the purchase locations of the cases did not identify a single producer of LPG. Samples taken at production and distribution sites from the implicated products did not allow for the isolation of the epidemic strain. For the first time in France, health authorities advised against the consumption of LPG without identifying the producer, based solely on epidemiological evidence. This cluster of cases is the second in France linked to the consumption of LPG. The consecutive occurrence of two clusters of cases underscores the importance of surveillance and systematic strain typing, which made it possible to differentiate and investigate these two episodes separately. (R.A.)