Maternal-neonatal (MN) listeriosis refers to cases of listeriosis diagnosed during pregnancy or the first month of life. The number of cases decreased tenfold between 1986 and 2006 (500 cases/year vs. 50 cases/year). Four hundred and one cases of MN listeriosis reported through mandatory reporting between 1999 and 2006 were analyzed. Based on the timing of diagnosis and pregnancy outcome, they were categorized as neonatal listeriosis (59%), intrauterine death (26.5%), and isolated maternal infection (14.5%). In utero mortality (26%) decreases with gestational age: 75% before 22 weeks of amenorrhea (w), 52% at 22–27 w, 12% at 28–31 w, 5% at 32–36 w, and 1% at 37–41 w. Neonatal mortality (9%) also decreases with gestational age (41% at 22–27 GA, 19% at 28–31 weeks of gestation, 5% at 32–36 weeks of gestation, 1% at 37–41 weeks of gestation) and according to the specimen used for diagnosis: newborns with invasive infection (16%), newborns with infected mothers (8%), gastric aspirate (4%), and superficial specimens (0%). Sixty-eight percent of women consumed foods during pregnancy that are recommended to be avoided. Maintaining control measures in the food supply chain, which have proven effective in reducing cases of neonatal listeriosis, is essential. It would be useful to assess the reasons for non-compliance with dietary recommendations. (R.A.)