Following the passage of Hurricane Mitch through Central America on October 31, 1998, Samu Mondial was dispatched on a mission to Nicaragua and Honduras, in collaboration with the Civil Protection Agency and epidemiologists from the Institute for Public Health Surveillance. The mission consisted of providing medical care to disaster-stricken and isolated populations, but the French medical team also played a key role in epidemiological surveillance, the effectiveness of which made it possible to quickly contain an emerging leptospirosis outbreak. This mission provided another opportunity to showcase the expertise of French emergency medical services (SAMU), which are well-suited to this work both in terms of equipment—thanks to their versatile kits—and personnel, with doctors and nurses experienced in emergency care and out-of-hospital medicine.