Introduction: In recent years, surveillance of Legionnaires’ disease in France has improved significantly as a result of numerous initiatives. Results: In 2006, 1,443 cases were reported, corresponding to an incidence rate of 2.3 per 100,000 inhabitants. The median age was 61 years, and the male-to-female ratio was 2.8. The case-fatality rate was 10%. One or more risk factors were identified in 1,020 cases (71%). The majority of cases (95%) were diagnosed using a urinary antigen detection test, and a strain was isolated in 220 cases (15%). Risk exposure during the incubation period was reported in 36% of cases, and numerous investigations of clustered cases were conducted. Discussion-Conclusion: Since the implementation of Legionnaires’ disease surveillance in 1987, this is the first year in which a decline in the incidence of reported cases has been observed. However, it is too early to confirm whether this trend is sustained. In parallel with surveillance, it is also essential to improve knowledge of the bacterium and its behavior in order to take proactive measures in high-risk facilities and thereby limit, in the long term, the impact on exposed populations. (R.A.)