Cases of early syphilis (less than one year: primary, secondary, or early latent syphilis) and cases of gonorrhea are monitored through the network of clinicians in the Sexually Transmitted Infections (STI) Surveillance Network (RésIST). Surveillance of lymphogranuloma venereum (LGV) is now conducted by the National Reference Center (CNR) for Chlamydia Infections. In 2010, the number of sites participating in surveillance in Aquitaine was the same as in 2009, with seven sites (primarily Centers for STI Information, Screening, and Diagnosis (Ciddist) and Centers for Anonymous and Free Screening (CDAG)) spread across three departments. The number of reported cases of early syphilis has been increasing over the past two years, with a 31% increase in 2010 compared to 2009. The number of reported cases of gonorrhea is rising but remains low (9 cases in 2010). Of the 38 cases of early syphilis reported in Aquitaine in 2010, 35 (92%) were men who have sex with men, and 13 (34%) were HIV-positive. In half of the cases, the syphilis was latent (without clinical signs). Consistent condom use over the past 12 months for anal intercourse between men was reported by only 9 patients (29%), and by no patients for oral sex. (R.A.)