Objectives: Annual cervical cancer screening is recommended for HIV-positive women, and every three years for women aged 25 to 64 in the general population. For breast and colorectal cancer, screening every two years for individuals aged 50 to 74 is recommended in both populations. The objective was to describe screening uptake for these cancers among people living with HIV (PLHIV) in France, compared to the general population. Methods: reported screening uptake rates for breast, cervical, and colorectal cancers were estimated among PLHIV followed up at hospitals in the ANRS-Vespa2 (2011) and compared to those of the general population of the same sex, using age-standardized rates and age-adjusted Poisson regressions, with data from the 2010 Cancer Barometer as a reference. Results: The age-standardized two-year mammography rate reported by HIV-positive women was 82.2% compared to 88.0% in the general population (prevalence ratio (PR): 0.96, 95% confidence interval: [0.89–1.03]). The age-standardized three-year Pap smear rate reported by HIV-positive women was 88.2% compared to 82.8% in the general population (PR: 1.06 [1.01–1.10]). Only 76.0% of HIV-positive women reported a Pap smear within the past year. The age-standardized rate of fecal occult blood testing (Hemoccult® type) within the past two years, as reported by HIV-positive women, was 39.4% compared to 43.3% in the general population (PR: 0.93 [0.75–1.15]), and 44.5% among HIV-positive men compared to 45.6% in the general population (OR: 0.98 [0.85–1.14]). Conclusions: Cancer screening uptake among PLHIV is no lower than in the general population. However, among HIV-positive women, cervical cancer screening is insufficient relative to specific recommendations.