This article examines changes in knowledge and perceptions of HIV/AIDS risk, as well as shifts in prevention behaviors among the population living in mainland France. Six waves of ANRS-KABP surveys were conducted by telephone between 1992 and 2010 using an identical interview protocol, making it possible to compare indicators. A total of 18,404 individuals aged 18 to 54 were surveyed. The modes of HIV transmission are still well understood, despite the persistence of misconceptions. HIV no longer appears to be the primary focus of prevention behaviors today, particularly among younger people. While condoms are still used during first sexual encounters, their effectiveness is increasingly questioned, and they are used less frequently during most recent sexual encounters, particularly among young people. The normalization of HIV observed in the surveys is partly due to the success of antiretroviral drugs and the increased life expectancy of people living with HIV. Nevertheless, efforts targeting young people should be strengthened by emphasizing the importance of prevention not only against sexually transmitted infections but also against unintended pregnancies. (R.A.)