Objective - To estimate the prevalence of Chlamydia trachomatis infection among women seeking care at a family planning center (CPEF) and a reproductive health center at the Bordeaux University Hospital, as well as the performance and acceptability of vaginal self-sampling as a screening tool. Method - Systematic screening using PCR via self-collection and endocervical swabs was offered to sexually active women, excluding those with symptoms suggestive of pelvic infection, intermenstrual bleeding, or those currently taking antibiotics. Results - Of the 502 women included (215 in the CPEF, 287 in the general population), 32 had a C. trachomatis infection. The overall prevalence was 6.4% [95% CI: 4.3–8.5], 7.9% in the CPEF [95% CI: 4.3–11.5], and 5.2% [95% CI: 2.6–7.8] in the general gynecology clinic. The identified risk factors were young age in the obstetrics and gynecology department and having had more than one partner in the past year or having changed partners in the last three months in the CPEF. The results of the two samples were concordant in 29 out of 32 cases (91%). In 3 cases, only the self-collection was positive. Conclusion - The prevalence in this population is high. Vaginal self-sampling is a suitable method for this population as it was very well accepted. Furthermore, it proved to be more sensitive than endocervical sampling (R.A.)