Surveillance of healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) in intensive care units is a priority because patients are at increased risk of infection due to their critical condition and the invasive devices to which they are exposed. Since 2004, surveillance coordinated by the Network for Alert, Investigation, and Surveillance of HAI (Raisin) in intensive care has targeted infections associated with invasive devices for which a prevention strategy is essential: pneumonia (PNE), colonization (COL) of central venous catheters (CVC) and associated infection or bacteremia (ILC/BLC), urinary tract infection (UTI), and bacteremia (BAC). Each year, participating departments collect data for six months on all patients hospitalized for more than 2 days (d). From January to June 2010, 181 departments included 25,685 patients: their mean age was 63 years and the male-to-female ratio was 1.6. At admission, 68% of patients were medical, 18% were emergency surgery, and 14% were elective surgery; 53% of patients came from outside the hospital, 40% from short-stay units, 4% from medium- or long-stay units, and 4% from another intensive care unit; 9% of patients were trauma patients and 14% were immunocompromised; 56% received antibiotic therapy upon admission. Their mean IGS II score was 43.1, and the mean length of stay was 11.6 days. Exposure to invasive devices was common: intubation (64%), central venous catheter (63%), and urinary catheter (87%). Among 25,685 patients, 13.23% developed at least one infection; 11.4% of CVCs cultured yielded a positive result (COL, ILC, BLC). The most frequently isolated microorganisms were P. aeruginosa (14.4%), E. coli (12.5%), S. aureus (12.2%), S. epidermidis (7.3%), and Candida albicans (5.4%); 35% of S. aureus strains were methicillin-resistant (48.7% in 2004). The observed incidence rates are 14.14 PNE per 1,000 days of intubation, 3.94 URI per 1,000 days of catheterization, 3.37 BAC per 1,000 days of hospitalization, and 0.48 BLC per 1,000 days of CVC. Patient characteristics and incidence rates vary significantly from one department to another. From 2004 to 2010 across the entire network, as patients were generally in more critical condition (ISG II, antibiotics on admission, immunosuppression, increased exposure to invasive devices), a decrease in incidence was observed for URIs (-52.6%), PNEs (-13.0%), and a non-significant increase for BACs (+1.8%). Since 2007 (corresponding to the start of catheter-based data collection), BLCs have fallen by half (-51.5%), while the percentage of positive CVCs has remained fairly stable (-5.1%). These data serve as a national benchmark, enabling a better understanding of nosocomial infections in intensive care and improving their control through the feedback of results to participating departments. (R.A.)