Since 1996, national prevalence surveys (NPS) of healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) and antimicrobial treatments (AMT) have been conducted approximately every five years. The 2015 National Action Plan for the Prevention of Healthcare-Associated Infections (Propias) calls for continuing to conduct an NPS in healthcare facilities (HFs) every five years. In 2017, the NP on HAI and AIT aimed to measure their prevalence on a specific day between May 15 and June 30 and to describe their characteristics in healthcare facilities (HCFs) in France; the protocol was aligned with that of the European survey led by the ECDC. This 6th national survey was implemented and coordinated by Santé publique France in partnership with 5 Cpias. This document summarizes the key results of this survey.