While vaccination coverage among young children in France is now generally well documented, there is very little data on the socioeconomic determinants of vaccination. We conducted a survey to investigate the association between certain socioeconomic factors and two childhood vaccinations: BCG and the 7-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV7). This cross-sectional survey included 710 children aged 0 to 5 years residing in Paris and the surrounding departments (92, 93, 94). Selection was based on a two-stage stratified random sampling, and data were collected via a face-to-face, named questionnaire. Poisson regressions were used to analyze the association between explanatory variables and reported vaccination coverage, as well as coverage confirmed by the health record. For the BCG vaccine, vaccination coverage was high and close to 100% among children from the lowest-income families, whereas in higher-income families, it was higher among children from families originating from a country with high tuberculosis endemicity (98.2%) compared to other children (76.2%). Regarding PCV7 vaccination, the survey showed that in lower-income families, vaccination coverage was lower compared to that of higher-income families (83.2% and 97.3%, respectively, for one dose among children aged at least 6 months). PCV7 coverage was not linked to the existence of supplemental health insurance. This survey is important because it provides new data on the determinants of vaccination coverage in France. Children in the Île-de-France region from disadvantaged socioeconomic backgrounds and those of immigrant origin (regardless of socioeconomic background) are clearly identified as being at high risk for tuberculosis and are properly vaccinated with BCG. The association between insufficient PCV7 vaccination coverage and low income—without any association with the type of health insurance—suggests the existence of barriers to this vaccination that are of a nature other than purely financial. (R.A.)