In 2009, the 23 Regional Pneumococcal Surveillance Centers (ORP) collected and analyzed 5,882 pneumococcal strains, of which 1,557 (26.5%) were isolated from children (C) and 4,325 (73.5%) from adults (A). The study showed that 34.2% of the strains exhibited reduced susceptibility to penicillin G (C: 47.8%; A: 29.3%), 17.9% to amoxicillin (C: 27.0%; A: 17.4%), and 9.7% to cefotaxime (C: 15.7%; A: 7.5%). Among the strains isolated from cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), 112 (26.9%) had reduced susceptibility to penicillin G, 58 (14.0%) had reduced susceptibility to amoxicillin, and 27 (6.5%) had reduced susceptibility to cefotaxime. However, none of these strains were resistant to cefotaxime. Finally, for strains isolated from CSF in children, the serotype coverage of the 7-valent (PCV-7) and 13-valent (PCV-13) pneumococcal conjugate vaccines was 4.0% and 50.4%, respectively. In adults, serotype diversity was greater; 70.5% of the isolated serotypes were present in the 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine. In conclusion, a comparison of the 2009 results with data from previous years from the ORPs confirms the continued decline in the proportion of penicillin-susceptibility-decreased pneumococcal (PSDP) strains since 2001 (55.4% in 2001 and 34.2% in 2009, p<0.001). However, the serotype trends observed in 2009 indicate that it is necessary to continue this surveillance following the introduction of PCV-13 in France in 2010. (R.A.)