This note was originally posted online on May 4. This second version, posted on May 20, includes recommendations from French pediatric medical societies, reflects the revised number of cases among those under 18 in France, and makes some changes to the wording of key points. As part of the measures to control the COVID-19 epidemic, it was decided to close all schools in France starting Monday, March 16. This measure affects more than 12 million students, from preschool through high school, in addition to those attending early childhood care centers. Childcare services remain available for the children of essential workers. On April 13, 2020, during his address, the President of the Republic announced a gradual easing of strict lockdown measures starting May 11, 2020, and the gradual reopening of daycare centers, elementary schools, middle schools, and high schools, although the specific details have not yet been defined. This rapid review of the evidence was conducted in this context to help guide the decisions of policymakers and public authorities and their implementation strategies, taking into account the broader context, particularly regarding groups for whom school closures may have increased social vulnerability.