This first "Report on Recommendations for the Care of People Infected with Hepatitis B or Hepatitis C" is the result of a collaborative effort initiated by the Minister of Health and carried out under the auspices of the National Agency for Research on AIDS and Viral Hepatitis (ANRS) and the French Association for the Study of the Liver (AFEF). This report was coordinated by Prof. Daniel Dhumeaux (hepatologist at the Henri Mondor University Hospital in Créteil and chair of the National Program to Combat Hepatitis B and C 2009–2012). To develop these recommendations, he mobilized some 200 clinicians, researchers, patients, and patient organizations over the course of more than a year. The report’s development was organized around 22 thematic expert groups and an independent expert committee, composed of leading figures from the scientific community and the nonprofit sector, whose mission was to validate and synthesize the texts. Through the measures it proposes, this report aims to: - revitalize hepatitis B and C prevention, which is considered to be lagging behind in several areas (notably hepatitis B vaccination), - to structure the stages of care for patients with hepatitis B and C according to specific care pathways and therapeutic strategies tailored to their needs, - to support, at all levels, the values of equity in care through concrete measures to combat social inequalities. In issuing these recommendations, the group responsible for the report was fully aware of the economic implications of new treatments, particularly for hepatitis C, which necessitates reasonable choices and indications. With therapies now nearly 100% effective, the eradication of this infection can become a realistic goal. In the absence of a vaccine, this will only be achieved through the identification and management of all affected patients and reduced drug costs. This first report, intended for public authorities, all those fighting these diseases (healthcare professionals, patient associations, pharmaceutical companies), and the media, provides an epidemiological, health, and social overview of the epidemic in our country and issues strong recommendations to improve effectiveness at all levels of the response. It is hoped that this report will spark a genuine collective mobilization so that these forms of hepatitis can be brought under control at all levels of our society, including among the most vulnerable groups and in the hardest-hit regions.