Objective. The objectives of this article are: (1) to present and discuss data from the Medical Information Systems Program (PMSI) regarding chronic hepatitis C (CHC), and (2) to assess the feasibility of creating a patient cohort based on an initial hospitalization; to this end, we chose to study the follow-up of liver transplants related to the hepatitis C virus. Materials and methods. All hospital stays with an ICD-10 code for CHC (B18.2) were extracted from the 2009 national PMSI database and divided into five groups: uncomplicated CHC (initial evaluation/follow-up), cirrhosis, liver cancer, liver transplants, unclassifiable. The comorbidities (diseases or factors potentially associated with hepatitis C) selected were identified based on significant associated diagnoses. All hospital stays with a code for liver transplantation and hepatitis C in 2006 were linked to the following three years. Results. Among the 68,683 hospital stays with a B18.2 code, 27,258 had a significant diagnosis—primary, related, or associated—of HCC, corresponding to 15,482 patients: 52% for evaluation/follow-up, 33% for cirrhosis, 11% for liver cancer, and 2% for transplantation (+2% unclassifiable). Among these 15,482 patients, 12% had HIV co-infection, 17% underwent a liver biopsy, 77% of which were performed as part of an evaluation/follow-up; 24.6% of patients hospitalized for evaluation/follow-up underwent a liver biopsy within the year. Two hundred twelve (212) hospital stays for liver transplantation and hepatitis C were identified in 2006, and 174 patients were followed up through December 31, 2009, with a rehospitalization rate for complications of 61.5% and 10 deaths occurring during hospitalization. Conclusion. This initial analysis provides new data on the burden of hepatitis C and its complications; it serves as a benchmark that may contribute to the evaluation of the management policy for this disease. The economic valuation of hospital stays and care will also enrich this assessment. This analysis highlights the value of conducting additional validation studies to enable the use of the PMSI as an additional tool for epidemiological surveillance. (R.A.)