Parabens are used as preservatives in cosmetics and personal care products due to their antibacterial and antifungal properties, as well as in food and pharmaceutical products. They are widely present in our everyday environment. However, the health effects of exposure to low concentrations of parabens are not known. In France, following the EDEN mother-child cohort study, which provided initial exposure data from Poitiers and Nancy, the Esteban cross-sectional study (Health Study on the Environment, Biomonitoring, Physical Activity, and Nutrition) measured paraben exposure levels in the French mainland population (adults and children) for the first time. These analyses were conducted using a subsample of 600 adults and 398 children included in the study between April 2014 and March 2016. Very few parabens were quantified; the most significant ones, in order of importance, were methylparaben, propylparaben, and ethylparaben. Only methylparaben was quantified in more than 90% of adults and children. The levels found in children were higher than those measured in adults. No analysis of determinants was conducted for the children’s sample due to the small sample size. Paraben exposure increased with age, the frequency of use of creams or body care products, and the use of cosmetics or nail polish. Esteban’s results were lower than those found in European or North American studies. However, comparisons with other European studies should be interpreted with caution due to methodological differences between these studies, the target populations, and their often limited sample sizes. Regarding the interpretation of the differences in levels found between the population in Esteban and North American populations, one explanation could be the more stringent European regulations regarding the use of parabens in food. Based on current knowledge, there is little data on the health effects of parabens at low exposure levels, and no health threshold value has been established by the agencies responsible for developing such thresholds.