The INPES, the National Institute for Research and Safety, and the Occupational Medicine Society of Western Île-de-France have jointly published a book that documents the work of occupational physicians and general practitioners in addressing occupational health issues, the impact of occupational risk factors on their patients’ health, the challenges and difficulties they face, and the collaboration between these two medical disciplines. Two independent and complementary surveys conducted in 2009 are reported. The first, conducted and funded by INPES, INRS, and SMTOIF, focuses on the involvement of occupational physicians in the field of public health, and more specifically on addictive behaviors: What role(s) do occupational physicians play in preventing these behaviors in the workplace? How are they called upon to implement collective prevention measures? What are their views on screening tests? The second study, conducted and funded by INPES, analyzes the opinions and practices of general practitioners in occupational health: how do they view their role? What work-related conditions do they encounter? When do they consult with occupational physicians? Finally, a component common to both surveys examines the contrasting perceptions of general practitioners and occupational physicians regarding their collaborative relationships.