Young people in France are among the highest users of illicit substances in Europe. These substances affect brain function, and their use can pose a health risk. In this context, identifying effective prevention strategies and programs is a major public health challenge. This article aims to identify interventions that are considered validated or promising for the prevention of illicit substance use. The review was conducted using a specific method for selecting and analyzing the scientific literature and classifying the interventions identified. We organized our results based on an initial criterion of age (interventions targeting children under 10 versus those over 10) and on whether the interventions follow a universal or targeted approach. Overall, our data suggest that the most effective programs are interactive programs aimed at developing psychosocial skills in both children and parents. The more the target populations exhibit risk factors or are already engaged in problematic behaviors (targeted interventions), the more complex the interventions become, with the systematic addition of a community component involving a variety of local stakeholders, individual follow-up of the young people or families concerned, and often the inclusion of psychotherapeutic components. The examples of interventions presented, although generally conducted in Anglo-Saxon countries, can usefully contribute to the reflection on and improvement of preventive practices developed in France. [author’s abstract]