In France, in 2018, the estimated number of new cases of squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus was 3,224, accounting for nearly 60% of all esophageal cancers. The estimated number of deaths from esophageal cancer across all histologies was 3,725. Key points: Poor prognosis with a 5-year standardized net survival rate of 14% in men and 21% in women for cases diagnosed between 2010 and 2015; Across all age groups, steady improvement in 1-year, 5-year, and 10-year standardized net survival since 1990, though less pronounced since 2005; Long-term survival among individuals diagnosed before age 75 is approximately 3%, regardless of age.