According to projections by the National Institute of Statistics and Economic Studies, people aged 65 and older will account for more than 26% of the French population in 2050, compared with 17.5% today. Life expectancy at age 60 will also likely be longer than it is today. Against a backdrop of high prevalence of chronic diseases, this dual phenomenon poses a number of challenges for society: preventing the risk of loss of independence and maintaining people’s quality of life—if possible at home—so that everyone can live as long as possible in good health. With this in mind, updating and refining our understanding of older populations and their health behaviors appears essential. This is the objective of this book, which analyzes data from the 2010 Health Barometer survey to assess the health behaviors, attitudes, and knowledge of people aged 55–85, exploring various topics that have previously received little attention for these populations. The results, analyses, and recommendations in this book aim to refine or advance the prevention and health promotion strategies of all stakeholders involved with older adults (elected officials, policymakers, healthcare professionals, family members, and volunteer or professional caregivers).