As part of its mandate and since its creation, the InVS has developed surveillance programs and epidemiological studies in the field of foodborne zoonoses (salmonellosis, listeriosis, etc.). However, for non-foodborne zoonoses, actions have been more limited and unplanned. This group of zoonoses consists of heterogeneous diseases (parasitic, viral, and bacterial infections), often rare (e.g., tick-borne encephalitis). Some have a limited geographic distribution depending on the distribution of the vector species (e.g., leishmaniasis). Some have been identified recently (e.g., Lyme disease), while others are emerging or re-emerging (West Nile virus). For many non-food-borne zoonoses, the epidemiological data available on human or animal pathology in France are insufficient and do not allow for an assessment of their public health significance or the relevance of modifying or implementing control measures. In response to the numerous and growing requests received by the InVS to take action on certain non-food-borne zoonoses, it was necessary to identify the priority diseases to be monitored and the actions to be implemented. Based on the methodology used during the revision of the infectious disease surveillance policy in France in 1994–1995, the Department of Infectious Diseases initiated a process in July 2000 to prioritize non-foodborne zoonoses with the aim of determining the priorities and resources to be deployed to improve knowledge, prevention, and control of these diseases. The methodology used involves analysis by a group of experts from institutions involved in human and veterinary public health (French Agency for Food Safety, Directorate General for Health, National Veterinary School of Nantes, Cochin University Hospital, Eastern Interregional Epidemiology Unit). This report presents the methodology used, the successive stages, and the results of this process.