The triennial survey of children in their final year of preschool during the 2005–2006 school year collects information on the health status and use of health care or preventive services among children aged five to six. The prevalence of overweight and obesity is lower among children whose fathers are managers compared to children of manual laborers, reflecting differences in lifestyle habits (diet, physical inactivity) that are already evident at this age. Overweight (including obesity) has declined, falling from 14.4% (including 3.4% obesity) in 1999–2000 to 12.1% (including 3.1% obesity) in 2005–2006. This decline was less pronounced among children attending schools in ZEPs than among others, leading to a widening of social inequalities. Disparities are also geographic, with significantly higher rates of overweight in regions near the Mediterranean as well as in the northernmost and easternmost parts of France. Social inequalities also emerge as early as age six in terms of oral health and the early detection of sensory disorders. (R.A.)