A traditional approach to epidemiological surveillance of the workforce involves systematically analyzing the incidence of diseases and medical causes of death by occupational activity. The sector of activity is a relevant level for this surveillance, as it allows for both an indirect assessment of certain occupational-specific aspects of working conditions and the easy interpretation of epidemiological data by occupational risk prevention stakeholders. Furthermore, in addition to occupational determinants, describing health status by industry sector can help identify specific occupational groups where targeted prevention efforts should be implemented regarding non-occupational health behaviors. The databases of the Permanent Demographic Sample (EDP) and EDP-Health (an enhanced version of health insurance and hospitalization data) constitute large, population-representative longitudinal samples, containing both individual socio-professional trajectories and health-related information. These data sources thus possess the necessary qualities to meet the objectives of describing and monitoring health in relation to occupational activity. This document describes the data sources used and the planned analytical methods to: Identify whether certain sectors of activity are characterized by risks of specific health events (in terms of life expectancy, frequency of diseases, and trends over time); Identify whether certain types of professional careers are characterized by risks of specific health outcomes; Assess the role of economic sectors in the health inequalities observed among specific groups of workers, such as older workers (≥ 55 years). In addition, the document outlines the roles of the various institutions involved in this study, the regulatory procedures followed, and the procedures for ensuring compliance with and enforcement of individuals’ data rights. The document also describes the anticipated scientific limitations and a projected work schedule.