Thoroughly examining the characteristics of population health interventions—including their effects and implementation contexts—using a proven scientific approach, and building on cooperation among practitioners, decision-makers, and researchers: these are the key elements of population health intervention research. Population health intervention research (PHIR) is defined as the use of scientific methods to generate knowledge about interventions, programs, and policies (regarding health or any other field) that aim to alter the distribution of disease risk factors or health determinants within a population. The objectives are: to have a positive impact on the social, cultural, and environmental determinants of health in a population; to reduce disease risk factors within that population.