Objectives: Suicide is the leading cause of maternal mortality in high-resource countries. The emergence of suicidal ideation is a major risk factor for suicidal behavior. Suicidal tendencies impact the mother-infant relationship and the child’s development. The primary objective of the study was to identify factors associated with suicidal ideation during the perinatal period among women hospitalized in a specialized unit. Secondary objectives were to describe this specific population and to develop an interview framework to assess suicide risk factors and refer patients to existing perinatal support services. Methods: A descriptive, retrospective study conducted at a specialized hospital involving women hospitalized during the perinatal period between 2014 and 2019. Inclusion criteria were: being pregnant or in the postpartum period within one year of delivery and being between 16 and 43 years of age. Electronic medical records were retrieved using a keyword search. Results: The sample included 25 pregnant patients and 57 postpartum patients. A history of psychiatric disorders increased the risk of suicidal ideation by a factor of 4.38 (p < 0.03). One-third of the patients had a reason for admission related to suicidality. Less than one-third of the patients were referred to existing perinatal psychiatry services. Conclusions: Suicide prevention during the perinatal period is a priority; particular attention must be paid to women with a history of psychiatric illness. Care provided by teams specializing in perinatal care is essential.