Objectives: To estimate the prevalence of men with a prostate-specific antigen (PSA) test, a biopsy, and newly diagnosed prostate cancer (PC), as well as the treatments and their complications. Methods: The study included nearly 11 million men aged 40 and older covered by the general health insurance system between 2009 and 2011, using data from Sniiram (the National Inter-Regional Health Insurance Information System). Results: In 2011, approximately 30% of men without PC had at least one PSA test, 0.5% underwent a prostate biopsy, and 0.4% received newly diagnosed PC, with significant variations by department. General practitioners had ordered 87% of the tests. Free PSA accounted for 21% of the 4.2 million tests. Following a PSA test in 2010, 2.1% of men underwent a biopsy the following year and 1% received covered prostate cancer treatment. Among those with prostate cancer, nearly 80% received at least one specific treatment within the following two years. Among men aged 50–69, nearly 66% underwent isolated prostatectomy, and among them, 61% received medication for erectile dysfunction and 18% for urinary disorders during the two-year follow-up. Discussion – Conclusion: PSA testing in France constitutes mass screening, contrary to the recommendations of the French National Authority for Health. The geographic heterogeneity of practices and the widespread use of the more expensive free PSA test warrant a reassessment of current practices. Patient information must account for the high frequency of treatment-related side effects. (R.A.)